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beaker Dean Radin he is I'm sure

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familiar to the majority of the people

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here if you're not familiar with his

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work i recommend you become familiar

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he's the senior scientist at ions he's

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got several faculty appointments he's

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the author of I think about two hundred

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articles two wonderful books the

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conscious universe and most recently

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entangled minds he speaks widely many

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conferences were very happy to have him

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here he was at I seem as an invited

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speaker just before he's been on

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television radio all over his work is

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wonderful and he will be speaking on

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I'm going to talk about two experiments

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and a little bit about an experiment

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that's on the drawing board and about to

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be run first one is presenting it which

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Garrett gave a good overview for

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presenta men is a feeling about an event

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in the future as opposed to a

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precognition which is a knowing about an

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event it could also be thought of

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typically as a vague sense of impending

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so here's how the experiment is designed

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it's it's intentionally designed to be

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very simple and to look like

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psychophysiology 101 and it's based on

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that kind of design so you sit somebody

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down in front of a blank computer screen

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and you record some form of

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physiological measurement I typically

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use skin conductance although have you

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looked at others as well then they press

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a button when they're ready to begin the

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screen remains blank for five seconds

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and after the five seconds in the

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computer makes a truly random decision

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by dipping into a pool of six or seven

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hundred pictures and selects one and

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then it shows it for three seconds it

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could either be a calm picture like a

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bunny or an emotional picture like a

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snake unless you're a bunny ologist or a

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herpetologist to their always

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idiosyncratic responses to these

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pictures and then 10 seconds goes by and

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you repeat this typically 30 to 40

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trials in one session so the whole

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experiment takes maybe 15 minutes at

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most what I'm going to show you now is a

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video clip that lasts about three

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minutes three or four minutes that was

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taken by the BBC for their science show

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called the horizon it's also now being

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shown in the US by discovery science by

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this dr. Dean Radin is hoping that he

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can prove that what the pilots call

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prediction could in fact be precognition

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a real ability to actually sense the

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his experiment records a person's

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emotional response to a series of

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pictures the images are from an

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internationally approved clinical test

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for emotional response and are selected

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by the computer at random well we're

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expecting to see is that after a picture

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is seen if it's an emotional picture you

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get a large rise and skin conductance

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and after a calm picture person remains

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calm it'll continue to go down so far so

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good and unremarkable but what Dean is

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looking for is what happens before the

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randomly selected picture is shown we

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hope to see then as at before the

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emotional picture skin conductance will

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already begin to go up and before the

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calm picture skin conductance will

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remain low and if that occurs and it

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shows that there's some aspect of us

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that is able to outguess what is

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if this happens then Dean will have

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tangible evidence of an ability to sense

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the future but for the experiment to

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carry any weight the effect has to be

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observed consistently well if it happens

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completely randomly that's guessing if

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it happens in such a way so that it is

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systematic and it suggests that it's not

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guessing but it's actually some

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perception of the future pictures where

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you're interested teams analyzed the

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data from his experiments this is the

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sector period before the picture

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appeared and as you see in both cases

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they show that for three or more seconds

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before an image is shown skin

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conductance does change consistently in

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anticipation of that future image

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incredibly the blue graph shows that

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before a calm picture the anticipation

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is calm but before an emotional picture

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is shown the red trace shows that the

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so when you do an in Samba LAN alisis

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you do one subject who does repeated

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trials of this type what you can do is

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show the average of all of the emotional

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trials that they got average of all of

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the calm trials you see where the trial

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begins they press a button where the

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stimulus occurs and that difference in

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the baseline is the presentment effect

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in this case it's statistically

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significant in one subject so I've done

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this kind of experiment many times

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probably most between 96 and 2000 one

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using skin conductance SEL is skin

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conductance level and you get a very

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strong result and these are typically

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unselected people who happen to just be

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around who are interested in trying it

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some people who claim that they have

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precognitive experiences tend to do

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better on this test than an average

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person there are also people who don't

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do very well at this at all typically

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psychotherapist do very badly on this

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test and I think the reason is that it's

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a test that that's looking at your

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emotional response to pictures and

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psychotherapist tend to go into therapy

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mode where they specifically learned to

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not respond to the the emotional input

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because otherwise it would freak out

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client so I tell both psychotherapist

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and also meditators to not do that but

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to allow that yourself to feel the

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emotion because otherwise there's

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nothing in your future to respond to so

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of course we do due diligence on this to

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look at every possible conventional

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explanation we can think of that might

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explain these results the all of the

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ones on the top from sensory cues all

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the way down to subject fraud we're

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pretty well sure that this is not a good

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explanation the one that usually people

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then think about is maybe it's an

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anticipatory effect it's a physiological

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form of the gamblers fallacy but we've

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looked at that in detail as well and

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everyone who's conducted these

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experiments and get significant results

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don't find any evidence that this is an

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anticipatory effect he's not a

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conventional one and as Garrett

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mentioned a dick bearman has done a

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version of this in the functional MRI

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and found that the amygdala is the spot

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that

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slightly larger effect in the right

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brain which I'm going to talk about a

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little bit later so today I'm aware of

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twenty presentiments periments using a

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variety of different kinds of

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physiological measurements from skin

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conductance fMRI heart rate EEG this

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what I'm going to talk about now is

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pupil dilation of these experiments I

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think only two went in the non predicted

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direction and 11 are statistically

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significant so we haven't done a formal

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meta-analysis yet but if we do one it's

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going to be a whopping ly significant

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effect so presenting and pupil dilation

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the reason I got interested in this is

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because the pupil is a very interesting

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target to use it shows a balance between

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the sympathetic and the parasympathetic

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nervous system you can also tell you can

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infer all kinds of interesting things by

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where the eye is looking and also by how

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often you blink an addition allows us to

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look more poetically at this idea of

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what does the C or C when you're seeing

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something especially you're seeing it in

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the future well what is that so it

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allowed us to do a test of that sort so

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here is a Celeste sitting in the eye

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tracker there's a little camera over

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here that's looking at awry but the

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experimenter QC is a close-up of her

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pupil with the software or the firmware

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actually will detect where her pupil is

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and 60 times a second measure how big it

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is and also put crosshairs over where

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her eye is looking so on the top I can

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see what she's looking at in the

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crosshairs tell me exactly where in that

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picture she's looking so what we get

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then is this section is before the

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stimulus appears and this section is

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during the stimulus I don't know why

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these little esas drop down this that

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this curve corresponds to emotional

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pictures and this curve to calm pictures

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and that difference is the presentment

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difference that we're looking for so I

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expected to see this because it's

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basically the same as using skin

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conductance but now that we got a

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significant effect it allowed me to look

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at some other things for example people

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blink more before seeing an emotional

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picture than before seeing a calm

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picture the way you infer this

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the night racking system is when your

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eye is closed you lose data about the

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pupil and so every time you guys closed